Spencer suggests that human states evolve (without contact with any preexisting states) when the area controlled by a group becomes larger than a day's round trip from the capital:Ī major research problem in anthropology is the origin of the state and its bureaucratic form of governance. However, poor teaching impedes the ability of children to reach their potential. In circumstances where the teachers are all excellent, the variability in student reading achievement may appear to be largely due to genetics. The magnitude of genetic variance associated with twins’ oral reading fluency increased as the quality of their teacher increased. Teacher quality was measured by how much reading gain the non-twin classmates achieved. Comparison of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, differentiating genetic similarities of 100% and 50%, provided an estimate of genetic variance in reading achievement.
We studied first- and second-grade students in Florida from schools representing diverse environments. The importance of teacher quality as a specific school environmental influence on reading achievement is unknown. studying mono- and dizygotic twins in kindergarten through 5th grade suggests, not suprisingly, that that better teachers allow children to fulfill their genetic potential:Ĭhildren’s reading achievement is influenced by genetics as well as by family and school environments.
